The system unit of a computer system Syllabus
Training 11.1 The components of a computer. System unit (主機) contains main board (motherboard) with CPU and RAM, power supply, storage devices. Peripherals: hardware devices connected to the system unit. Practical 1 11.2 Central processing unit Main Specifications of a CPU 1. Number of cores. 2. Clock frequency 3. Word Length The above three are directly related to the computation power. You can use this figures to compare computation power of CPU in the same family. 4. Cache memory size Cache memory is a temporary storage area inside CPU. It reduce the needs to fetch instruction/data from Main memory. Major Components of a CPU ALU (Arithmetic and logic unit) performs arithmetic (numeric result) and logical operations.(True and false result, e.g. condition of IF statement) CU (control unit) keeps tracks of the sequence of instructions being processed. Control machine cycle Control all IO operations Registers Accumulator: Store temporary result of calculation. General purpose registers (AX, BX, CX, DX) Control registers: Instruction Register (IR) Program counter (PC) Memory Address Register (MAR) Memory Data Register (MDR) Status register (SR) Refer to P.9-10 of textbook System Bus Data Bus Address Bus Control Bus Example : Go to N203's cabinet to get a box of chalk. Control : Get Address: N203's cabinet Data: a box of Chalk 11.3 Machine Cycle Fetch - Decode - Execute 11.4 Measurement of CPU speed Example 3,4 (P.15, 16) Reference: 11.5 Main memory
ROM: EPROM, EEPROM erasable programmable ROM Electrical Erasable Programmable ROM (setting in BIOS) RAM: SRAM, DRAM (P.18) P.20:The technology of Flash memory, SSD hard disk are similar to main memory. BUT it is NOT consider as main memory, it is SECONDARY storage. P.21 Activity 2 (Already obsolete) Latest Technology of CPU and Main memory Study the latest CPU for Desktop http://www.intel.com Should also notice the development of Smart phone, Notebook, Tablet PC. RAM: DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 In our new computer, we have 4 RAM slots. Each slot can support up to 8GB. Now, we have installed 2 x 4GB. What is the advantage and disadvantages of using 2x4GB instead of 1x8GB? |